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英语中的插入结构表示说话人的态度和看法,解释或者说明整个句子而不是某个词。有些语法学家认为插入结构属于状语。其实,两者的主要区别在于,插入结构通常与句中其他成分的语法上并无十分密切的联系,常用来对全句加以说明,表示作者或说话者对句子表达内容的看法,或者用以对其内容作出补充说明等。插入结构一般用逗号与句子其他部分隔开,一般位于句首、句中或者句尾。翻译成汉语时,有些插入语,尤其是位于句首的插入语,可保持原文中的词序。然而,在许多情况下,需要对英语原文句子的顺序作必要的调整,使译文符合汉语习惯。插入结构的成分可以是副词、形容词短语、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语或者主谓结构,现在分别论述这些插入结构的翻译。
一、副词插入语
英语中,副词用作插入语的位置通常可以在句首、句中或者句尾。翻译的时候,可以把这个插入结构放在其修饰的句子的前面翻译。
Apparently, it is going to rain.
很明显,要下雨了。
Fortunately, I passed the examination.
幸运的是,我通过了考试。
Incidentally, your proposal has been put to the discussion at the meeting.
顺便说一句,你的建议已经提交会议进行讨论了。
He was luckier, however, because he was only slightly wounded.
然而,他比较幸运,因为他只是受了点轻伤。
He is young. He has much experience in teaching English, though.
他很年轻,但是他有丰富的英语教学经验。
二、形容词短语作插入语
形容词词组作插入结构,一般翻译为“…的是,…”这样的结构,放在其修饰的句子前面翻译。
Most important of all, computers create wide communication around the world.
最重要的是,计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。
I slept late yesterday morning; worse still, my bike was out of order.
昨天早上我起得晚。更糟糕的是,我的自行车坏了。
Strange enough, he doesn’t know that famous writer.
奇怪的是,他竟然不知道那位著名的作家。
三、介词短语作插入语
英语中,介词词组作插入语的结构有:all in all(总而言之),as a matter of fact(事实上),as a result(结果),at worst(在最坏的情况下),by the way(顺便说一句),first of all(首先),for example(例如),in conclusion(总之,最后),in fact(事实上),in effect(实际上),in my opinion(依我我看来,我认为),in other words(换句话说,换言之),in short(简言之),to my delight(让我高兴的是),to one’s amazement(使某人惊讶的是),to one’s deep regret(使某人深感遗憾的是),to one’s relief(使某人感到欣慰的是),to one’s surprise(使某人感到吃惊的是)等。通常放到句子的最前面去翻译。
lace w:st="on" Chinalace , in fact, has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects.
事实上,中国已经在许多方面赶上和超过了世界先进水平。
What happen to him, by the way?
顺便问一句,他后来怎么样了?
All in all, her condition is greatly improved.
总之,他的健康状况已经大大的改善了。
四、不定式短语作插入结构
不定式短语作插入结构时,对整个句子进行解释,常见的作插入结构的不定式短语有:so to speak(可以这样说),to tell you the truth(老实对你说),to be frank(说句实话),to begin with(首先),to start with(首先),to be more exact(更确切地说),to sum up(总之,概括地说),to put it briefly(简单说来),to put it in another way(换句话说),to make a long story short(长话短说),to say the least of it(至少可以这样说),needless to say(不用说),strange to say(说来奇怪),to conclude(总之,最后),to be sure(可以肯定的说),to be specific(具体说来),to be precise(准确地说),to speak frankly(坦白地说)等等。翻译的时候,无论其在英语原文中的顺序怎样,一般放到句子的最前面翻译。
It wasn’t a very good dinner, to say the least of it.
至少可以这样说,这次宴会并不成功。
The movie, to be frank, moved me to tears.
坦白地说,这部电影把我感动得流下了眼泪。
She wrote, to be exact, ten novels in her lifetime.
确切地说,她一生写了十部小说。
五、分词短语作插入结构
分词短语作插入语通常在其所修饰的句子最前面翻译。在英语中,分词短语作插入结构的常常有:considering…(考虑到),all things considered(从整体来看),allowing for…(考虑到),generally speaking(一般说来),judging from…(从...来判断),putting it another way(换句话说),roughly speaking(大体说来),taking account of…(考虑到),taking all things into consideration(全面看来),taking… as an example(以…为例),talking of…(说道),speaking of…(说道),strictly speaking(严格地说)等等。
Judging from the handwriting, it should be written by our teacher.
从字迹上判断,这应该是我们老师写的。
Generally speaking, she’s not quite fit for this kind of work.
总的来说,他不太适合做这种工作。
You managed the project very well, considering your inexperience.
考虑到你缺乏经验,你对这个项目的处理得已经很好了。
六、主谓结构作插入结构
在英语中,主谓结构作插入结构通常放在句子中间或者结尾;如果放在句首,就不应该是插入结构,而是一个主谓句后面跟宾语的英语句型了。翻译成汉语译文的时候,这种插入结构却应该放在句子最前面翻译。这种作插入结构的主谓结构通常是:I think(我认为),I hope(我希望),I guess(我想),I’m afraid(恐怕),I believe(我认为,我相信),I suppose(我想,我认为),I wonder(我想知道),you see(你应该明白),you know(你知道),don’t you think(难道你不认为),don’t you know(难道你不知道),I tell you(我告诉你),it seems(似乎),it seems to me(在我看来,这似乎),it is said(据说),it is suggested(有人认为)等等。
The man, I think, does not deserve the prize.
我认为,那个人不应该得奖。
The air is rather refreshing, I suppose.
我想,那里的空气应该很宜人。
Honesty, I believe, is her virtue.
我认为,诚实是她的美德。
七、what we call句型作插入结构
在英语的议论文中,常常有what we call这样的句型,通常可以看作插入结构,因为把这样的结构去掉之后句子仍然完整。类似的句型还有:what we used to call, what is called, what they described as, what can be called, what they regarded as, as we call it, as we know it等。通常翻译为“所谓的…”,可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译。
He is what we call a walking dictionary.
他就是所谓的活字典。
A compound, as we know it, results from the chemical union of two or more elements. 所谓的化合物是由两个或两个以上元素化合而成的.
一、副词插入语
英语中,副词用作插入语的位置通常可以在句首、句中或者句尾。翻译的时候,可以把这个插入结构放在其修饰的句子的前面翻译。
Apparently, it is going to rain.
很明显,要下雨了。
Fortunately, I passed the examination.
幸运的是,我通过了考试。
Incidentally, your proposal has been put to the discussion at the meeting.
顺便说一句,你的建议已经提交会议进行讨论了。
He was luckier, however, because he was only slightly wounded.
然而,他比较幸运,因为他只是受了点轻伤。
He is young. He has much experience in teaching English, though.
他很年轻,但是他有丰富的英语教学经验。
二、形容词短语作插入语
形容词词组作插入结构,一般翻译为“…的是,…”这样的结构,放在其修饰的句子前面翻译。
Most important of all, computers create wide communication around the world.
最重要的是,计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。
I slept late yesterday morning; worse still, my bike was out of order.
昨天早上我起得晚。更糟糕的是,我的自行车坏了。
Strange enough, he doesn’t know that famous writer.
奇怪的是,他竟然不知道那位著名的作家。
三、介词短语作插入语
英语中,介词词组作插入语的结构有:all in all(总而言之),as a matter of fact(事实上),as a result(结果),at worst(在最坏的情况下),by the way(顺便说一句),first of all(首先),for example(例如),in conclusion(总之,最后),in fact(事实上),in effect(实际上),in my opinion(依我我看来,我认为),in other words(换句话说,换言之),in short(简言之),to my delight(让我高兴的是),to one’s amazement(使某人惊讶的是),to one’s deep regret(使某人深感遗憾的是),to one’s relief(使某人感到欣慰的是),to one’s surprise(使某人感到吃惊的是)等。通常放到句子的最前面去翻译。
lace w:st="on" Chinalace , in fact, has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects.
事实上,中国已经在许多方面赶上和超过了世界先进水平。
What happen to him, by the way?
顺便问一句,他后来怎么样了?
All in all, her condition is greatly improved.
总之,他的健康状况已经大大的改善了。
四、不定式短语作插入结构
不定式短语作插入结构时,对整个句子进行解释,常见的作插入结构的不定式短语有:so to speak(可以这样说),to tell you the truth(老实对你说),to be frank(说句实话),to begin with(首先),to start with(首先),to be more exact(更确切地说),to sum up(总之,概括地说),to put it briefly(简单说来),to put it in another way(换句话说),to make a long story short(长话短说),to say the least of it(至少可以这样说),needless to say(不用说),strange to say(说来奇怪),to conclude(总之,最后),to be sure(可以肯定的说),to be specific(具体说来),to be precise(准确地说),to speak frankly(坦白地说)等等。翻译的时候,无论其在英语原文中的顺序怎样,一般放到句子的最前面翻译。
It wasn’t a very good dinner, to say the least of it.
至少可以这样说,这次宴会并不成功。
The movie, to be frank, moved me to tears.
坦白地说,这部电影把我感动得流下了眼泪。
She wrote, to be exact, ten novels in her lifetime.
确切地说,她一生写了十部小说。
五、分词短语作插入结构
分词短语作插入语通常在其所修饰的句子最前面翻译。在英语中,分词短语作插入结构的常常有:considering…(考虑到),all things considered(从整体来看),allowing for…(考虑到),generally speaking(一般说来),judging from…(从...来判断),putting it another way(换句话说),roughly speaking(大体说来),taking account of…(考虑到),taking all things into consideration(全面看来),taking… as an example(以…为例),talking of…(说道),speaking of…(说道),strictly speaking(严格地说)等等。
Judging from the handwriting, it should be written by our teacher.
从字迹上判断,这应该是我们老师写的。
Generally speaking, she’s not quite fit for this kind of work.
总的来说,他不太适合做这种工作。
You managed the project very well, considering your inexperience.
考虑到你缺乏经验,你对这个项目的处理得已经很好了。
六、主谓结构作插入结构
在英语中,主谓结构作插入结构通常放在句子中间或者结尾;如果放在句首,就不应该是插入结构,而是一个主谓句后面跟宾语的英语句型了。翻译成汉语译文的时候,这种插入结构却应该放在句子最前面翻译。这种作插入结构的主谓结构通常是:I think(我认为),I hope(我希望),I guess(我想),I’m afraid(恐怕),I believe(我认为,我相信),I suppose(我想,我认为),I wonder(我想知道),you see(你应该明白),you know(你知道),don’t you think(难道你不认为),don’t you know(难道你不知道),I tell you(我告诉你),it seems(似乎),it seems to me(在我看来,这似乎),it is said(据说),it is suggested(有人认为)等等。
The man, I think, does not deserve the prize.
我认为,那个人不应该得奖。
The air is rather refreshing, I suppose.
我想,那里的空气应该很宜人。
Honesty, I believe, is her virtue.
我认为,诚实是她的美德。
七、what we call句型作插入结构
在英语的议论文中,常常有what we call这样的句型,通常可以看作插入结构,因为把这样的结构去掉之后句子仍然完整。类似的句型还有:what we used to call, what is called, what they described as, what can be called, what they regarded as, as we call it, as we know it等。通常翻译为“所谓的…”,可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译。
He is what we call a walking dictionary.
他就是所谓的活字典。
A compound, as we know it, results from the chemical union of two or more elements. 所谓的化合物是由两个或两个以上元素化合而成的.
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