2020年翻译资格考试一级口译实务材料分享

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2020年翻译资格考试一级口译实务材料

常驻联合国代表张军大使在安理会中导问题公开会上的发言

Statement by Ambassador Zhang Jun at Security Council on Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty

2019年8月22日

22 August 2019

主席女士，

Madam President,

我认真听取了中满泉副秘书长所作通报。

I have listened carefully to the briefing by USG Nakamitsu.

The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) signed between the US and the USSR in 1987 is an important treaty on arms control and disarmament. Taking strengthening strategic stability as its objective, the treaty effectively mitigated the arms race on intermediate-range missiles between the US and USSR in Europe and helped to enhance strategic mutual trust between major powers, ease international relations and advance nuclear disarmament process.

进入新世纪以来，维护《中导条约》有效性，不仅对美俄两国，也对国际和地区的和平与安全具有重要现实意义。美俄本应通过对话协商妥善处理关于履约问题的分歧，切实维护条约有效性。但美国单方面退约导致条约失效，将对全球战略平衡与稳定、欧洲和亚太地区安全及国际军控体系产生深远消极影响，国际社会应对此保持清醒认识。在《中导条约》问题上，中方已多次表明立场，拿中国作为退约借口是不可接受的。中方拒绝美方的无理指责。

Entering the new century, safeguarding the effectiveness of the INF treaty is of great practical significance not only to the United States and Russia but also to international and regional peace and security. The two countries should have properly handled differences over treaty compliance through dialogue and consultation to earnestly safeguard the effectiveness of the treaty. However, the unilateral withdrawal of the United States from the treaty led to the demise of the treaty, which will have a far-reaching negative impact on global strategic balance and stability, regional security in Europe and Asia as well as international arms control regime. The international community should be clear headed about this impact. On the INF issue, China has made clear its position on many occasions. It is unacceptable to use China as an excuse for leaving the treaty, and China rejects the baseless accusation by the United States.

主席女士，

Madam President,

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流不可逆转，和平力量的上升远远超过战争因素的增长。同时，国际安全面临的不稳定性不确定性更加突出。多边主义是应对共同挑战的有效途径，各国应坚定维护以国际法和《联合国宪章》宗旨原则为核心的国际秩序，秉持共同、综合、合作和可持续的新安全观，充分尊重各国正当合理安全关切，努力塑造和平稳定的国际安全环境，推动构建人类命运共同体。

The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. Peace, development and win-win cooperation remain the irreversible trends of the times, with forces for peace predominating over elements of war. At the same time, there are prominent destabilizing factors and uncertainties in international security. Multilateralism is the effective means to address common challenges. All countries should resolutely safeguard international order with international law and the purposes and principles of the UN Charter at its core, embrace a concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, fully respect the legitimate security concerns of all countries, work hard for a peaceful and stable international security environment and promote a community of a shared future for mankind.

《联合国宪章》赋予安理会维护国际和平与安全的重要职责，安理会成员应展现责任担当，各国均应避免采取损害别国安全利益的举动。美方在正式退出《中导条约》前即宣称计划加快中导研发和部署，并已于日前试射新型陆基巡航导弹。中方强烈敦促有关国家本着高度负责的态度，保持克制，切实维护现有军控体系，维护全球战略平衡与稳定，维护国际和地区和平与安宁。这是国际社会的共同呼声。

The UN Charter entrusts the Security Council with the important responsibility of maintaining international peace and security. Council members should earnestly fulfill their responsibilities in this regard. All countries should refrain from taking actions that undermine the security interests of other countries. Prior to its official withdrawal from the INF treaty, the United States already announced its plan to accelerate the development and deployment of intermediate range missiles. And lately, it conducted a test launch of land-based cruise missile. China strongly urges the relevant country to take a highly responsible attitude, exercise restraint and earnestly preserve the existing arms control regime in an effort to safeguard global strategic balance and stability and international and regional peace and security. This is the shared message from the international community.

退出《中导条约》是美国奉行单边主义、推卸国际义务的又一消极举动，其真实目的是自我松绑、谋求单方面绝对军事优势。中国始终奉行防御性的国防政策，拥有的陆基中程导弹全部部署在本国境内，完全出于防御目的，不威胁任何国家。中方坚决反对美国在亚太地区部署陆基中导，要求美方在此方面保持理性和克制。

Withdrawal from the INF treaty is yet another act of unilateralism and escape from international obligations by the United States. It is aimed at relieving restrictions and seeking absolute military advantage. China pursues a national defense policy that is defensive nature. China’s land-based intermediate range missiles are all deployed within the Chinese territory. It is for defense purposes only and poses no threat to any country. China firmly opposes US deployment of land-based intermediate range missiles in the Asia-Pacific and urges the United States to be cool-headed and exercise restraint.

主席女士，

Madam President,

国际军控与裁军条约体系是全球战略平衡与稳定的基石，与国际和平安全息息相关。核裁军是《不扩散核武器条约》的三大支柱之一，是核领域全球治理的重要组成部分。各国应遵循“维护全球战略稳定”和“各国安全不受减损”等原则，循序渐进推进核裁军进程。拥有最大核武库的国家应切实履行核裁军特殊、优先责任。我们支持俄罗斯在此方面作出的政治外交努力，支持并鼓励俄罗斯和美国就战略安全和双边核裁军问题保持对话，致力于《美俄关于进一步削减和限制进攻性战略武器措施的条约》延期，并继续以可核查、不可逆、具有法律约束力的方式大幅削减核武库，为推进多边核裁军进程创造必要条件。

The international arms control and disarmament treaty system, as the cornerstone of global strategic balance and stability, bears on international peace and security. Nuclear Disarmament, as one of the three pillars of the NPT, constitutes an important part of global governance in the nuclear field. All countries should follow the principles of “maintaining global strategic stability” and “undiminished security for all” and advance disarmament process in a step-by-step manner. Countries with the largest nuclear arsenals have special and primary responsibility for nuclear disarmament. We support the political and diplomatic efforts made by Russia, support and encourage Russia and the United States to maintain dialogue on strategic security and bilateral nuclear disarmament issues, commit themselves to the extension of the New START Treaty, continue to make substantive reduction in their nuclear arsenals in a verifiable, irreversible and legally binding manner with a view to creating necessary conditions for advancing multilateral nuclear disarmament processes.

我要强调，任何军控谈判都应充分考虑各国整体军事实力，并遵循“各国安全不受减损”这一国际军控基本原则。中方已多次就所谓“中美俄军控谈判”提议表明立场，现阶段中方无意也不会参加所谓“中美俄军控谈判”。

I must emphasize that for any arms control negotiation, it is imperative to fully consider the overall military capabilities of countries and follow the principle of “undiminished security for all”, a basic principle of international arms control. China has repeatedly stated its position on the so-called arms control negotiation with the United States and Russia. China has no interest and will not be part of it.

中国始终不渝奉行防御性国防政策，中国自卫防御的核战略完全透明，中国的核政策高度负责，中国的核武库规模极为有限，从不对国际和平与安全构成威胁。几十年来，中国一贯积极参与联合国、裁军谈判会议等多边机制框架下的军控磋商与谈判，反对军备竞赛，维护全球战略平衡和稳定。未来中方将继续坚定维护多边主义，积极参与多边军控进程，为维护国际和平与安全贡献力量。

China unswervingly pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. China’s nuclear strategy for self-defense is completely transparent and its nuclear policy is highly responsible. China’s nuclear arsenal is extremely limited in scale, and poses no threat to international peace and security. For decades, China has actively participated in arms control consultations and negotiations under multilateral mechanisms and frameworks including those of the United Nations and Conference on Disarmament. China opposes arms race and works to safeguard global strategic balance and stability. Moving forward, China will continue to firmly uphold multilateralism, actively participate in multilateral arms control processes to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security.

谢谢主席女士。

Thank you, Madam President.

2020年翻译资格考试一级口译实务材料

正本清源 捍卫法治

Get the Fundamentals Right and Safeguard the Rule of Law

驻香港公署特派员谢锋在2019年国际法论坛上的主旨演讲

Keynote Speech by H.E. Mr. Xie Feng Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China in the Hong Kong SAR at 2019 Colloquium on International Law

2019年8月15日

15 August 2019

尊敬的林郑月娥行政长官，

肯尼迪·加斯顿秘书长、郑若骅司长，

黄进会长、梁定邦主席，

各位来宾、各位朋友：

The Honorable Chief Executive Carrie Lam,

Secretary General Prof. Dr. Kennedy Gastorn,

Secretary of Justice Teresa Cheng,

President Huang Jin,

Chairman Dr. Anthony Neoh,

Distinguished Guests,

Friends,

大家上午好!很高兴再次应邀出席国际法论坛。

Good morning. It gives me great pleasure to attend again the Colloquium on International Law.

国际法论坛连续四年在港举行，充分体现了林郑月娥行政长官领导的特区政府对法治的重视，也体现了国际社会对香港法治的高度认可。按照世界正义工程发布的“2019年法治指数”，香港法治水平在126个国家和司法辖区中位列第16位。

For the fourth consecutive year, the colloquium has been held in Hong Kong, which fully shows the importance the SAR Government led by Chief Executive Carrie Lam has attached to the rule of law, and the universal recognition of Hong Kong’s performance in this regard. According to the World Justice Project Rule of Law Index 2019, Hong Kong ranks 16th among 126 countries and jurisdictions.

令人痛心的是，一段时间来，一小部分激进分子不断升级暴力犯罪，不断突破法律、道德、人性底线。外国势力里应外合包庇纵容，严重冲击香港法治和社会秩序。在此时刻探讨法治议题尤具现实意义。

To our great distress, however, some radical forces in Hong Kong have ramped up violent crime in recent months, which has gone beyond the limits of law, morality and humanity. To make things worse, some foreign forces have condoned and even colluded with them, seriously undermining law and order in the city. That makes our discussions here on the rule of law even more relevant.

我从事外交工作33年，本科攻读的专业是国际法，愿借此机会与大家就近期共同关心的三个问题分享一些看法。

I’ve been in the diplomatic service for 33 years, but I was an international law major in my undergraduate years. So I’d like to take this opportunity to share with you my thoughts on three issues of common interest.

一、关于国际法上不干涉内政的原则

First, on the non-intervention principle of international law.

主权平等和不干涉内政是最根本也是最重要的国际法原则。17世纪初，国际法鼻祖格劳秀斯提出主权平等，强调国家无论大小强弱都拥有同等权利和义务，为威斯特伐利亚以降的国际关系奠定了基石。作为主权平等的必然要求，不干涉别国内政原则应运而生。著名国际法学家瓦泰尔论述道：“国家自由与独立的必然结果，就是她们有权以其认为适当的方式进行自我管理，任何国家都没有丝毫权利去干涉别国内政。在国家的所有权利中，主权无疑是最严肃的，其他国家必须给予最诚敬的尊重。”

Sovereign equality and non-intervention are two fundamental principles of international law. In the early 17th century, Hugo Grotius, founding father of international law, proposed the principle of sovereign equality, which emphasizes that states, big or small, strong or weak, have equal rights and obligations, thus laying the foundation of post-Westphalian international relations. The non-intervention principle came into being as the necessary requirement of sovereign equality. As the renowned international lawyer Vattel argued, “It is an evident consequence of the liberty and independence of nations, that all have a right to be governed as they think proper, and that no state has the smallest right to interfere in the government of another. Of all the rights that can belong to a nation, sovereignty is, doubtless, the most serious, and that which other nations ought the most scrupulously to respect.”

主权平等和不干涉内政已成为现代国际法基本原则和国际关系基本准则。《联合国宪章》第2条第1款规定“本组织(联合国)系基于各会员国主权平等之原则”，该条第7款又规定“本宪章不得认为授权联合国干涉在本质上属于任何国家国内管辖之事件”。联合国大会于1970年通过的《国际法原则宣言》进一步明确：“每一国均有选择其政治、经济、社会及文化制度之不可移让之权利，不受他国任何形式之干涉”，“任何国家或国家集团均无权以任何理由直接或间接干涉任何其他国家之内政或外交事务”。联大通过的其他国际宣言也指出：各国有义务避免利用和歪曲人权问题，以此作为对其他国家施压，或在其他国家内部制造猜忌和混乱的手段;有义务避免从事任何旨在干涉他国内政的诽谤运动、污蔑或敌意宣传;有义务避免以任何形式或任何借口采取任何动摇或破坏另一国家稳定或其任何制度的行动或企图。1975年欧洲安全与合作会议《赫尔辛基最终法案》也规定：“成员国将避免干涉另一成员国国内管辖的内外事务，无论这种干涉是直接或间接、单独或集体行为，也无论有关成员国之间关系如何”。国际法院在尼加拉瓜诉美国的“军事与准军事活动”案判决中指出，不干涉内政原则“是习惯国际法的一部分”。

Sovereign equality and non-intervention have been established as basic principles of modern international law and norms governing international relations. For example, Article 2, Paragraph 1 of the Charter of the United Nations states that “The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.” Paragraph 7 of the same article provides that “Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state.” The Declaration on Principles of International Law adopted by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in 1970 further clarifies that “Every State has an inalienable right to choose its political, economic, social and cultural systems, without interference in any form by another State”, and that “No State or group of States has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other State.” Other declarations adopted by the UNGA also point out that States have the duties to “refrain from the exploitation and the distortion of human rights issues as a means of exerting pressure on other States or creating distrust and disorder within and among States or groups of States”, to “abstain from any defamatory campaign, vilification or hostile propaganda for the purpose of intervening or interfering in the internal affairs of other States”, and to “refrain from any action or attempt in whatever form or under whatever pretext to destabilize or to undermine the stability of another State or of any of its institutions”. The Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe in 1975 also stipulates that “The participating States will refrain from any intervention, direct or indirect, individual or collective, in the internal or external affairs falling within the domestic jurisdiction of another participating State, regardless of their mutual relations.” In the “Military and Paramilitary Activities” case (Nicaragua vs. U.S.), the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled that the principle of non-intervention “is part and parcel of customary international law”.

外交和领事人员是派出国在接受国的官方代表，国际法对其职能有明确规定，要求他们不得干涉接受国内政。《维也纳外交关系公约》第41条和《维也纳领事关系公约》第55条明确规定，外交和领事人员“负有尊重接受国法律规章之义务”，“并负有不干涉该国内政之义务”。国际法院在解释为何必须确立不干涉别国内政原则时说，“这是因为就事物的本质而言，(干涉别国内政)总是最强权的国家所为，会轻而易举地妨害国际正义”。一语道破干涉别国内政的霸权实质。

International law clearly defines the functions of diplomatic agents and consular officers who officially represent the sending State in the receiving State, requiring them not to interfere in the internal affairs of the receiving State. Article 41 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and Article 55 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations stipulate that it is the duty of diplomatic agents and consular officers “to respect the laws and regulations of the receiving State”, and “not to interfere in the internal affairs of that State”. And as the ICJ explained, the principle of non-intervention was established “for, from the nature of things, it would be reserved for the most powerful States, and might easily lead to perverting the administration of international justice itself”. The observation lays bare hegemony at the core of intervention.

从过去到现在，包括中国在内的许多发展中国家都深受外国强权干预之害。近期，个别国家粗暴干涉香港事务和中国内政，甚至威胁取消香港的经贸待遇、对特区政府官员进行制裁。这些国家的副总统、外长、议长、议员、驻港领事等频繁同“.”激进势力会面，睁着眼睛说瞎话，将暴力行为说成是“美丽的风景”，颠倒黑白地诋毁诬陷香港警队，无中生有地指责北京“侵蚀港人自治和自由”，恬不知耻地声称其外交官“同世界各国反对抗议人士会面，不只在中国香港”。这些人以赤裸裸的言行，公然蔑视不干涉内政原则、公然践踏国际法和国际关系基本准则。

Throughout history, many developing countries including China have suffered a lot from intervention by foreign powers. As the most recent example, some countries have grossly interfered in Hong Kong affairs, which are China’s domestic affairs, and even threatened to cancel economic and trade privileges of Hong Kong and sanction SAR Government officials. Politicians of certain Western countries, including Vice President, Foreign Minister, House Speaker, Congressmen and consular officers in Hong Kong, have frequently met with radical activists calling for so-called “Hong Kong independence”. They have told blatant lies, applauded violence as “a beautiful sight to behold”, made unfounded allegations against the Hong Kong police, groundlessly accused Beijing of “encroaching on Hong Kong people’s autonomy and freedom”, and even boasted that their diplomats “meet with opposition protesters, not just in Hong Kong or China”. Such remarks and actions have flagrantly defied the principle of non-intervention, and trampled upon international law and basic norms governing international relations.

干预别国内政的行为严重违反国际法，损害世界各国的共同利益，是世界动乱的根源。我们呼吁国际上一切爱好和平、尊重法治的正义力量团结起来，捍卫包括不干涉内政在内的国际法基本原则和国际关系基本准则，共同维护以国际法为基础的国际秩序。

Intervention is a serious violation of international law, which puts common interests of all countries at risk and breeds chaos around the globe. We call on the forces for justice in the world who cherish peace and the rule of law to unite behind the basic principles of international law and norms governing international relations, including non-intervention, and jointly uphold the international order based on international law.

二、关于《中英联合声明》问题

Second, on the Sino-British Joint Declaration.

近期个别国家频频拿《中英关于香港问题的联合声明》说事，妄称有权据此“监督”香港事务。大家只要读一读《联合声明》，真相就会大白。

In recent months, certain countries have frequently cited the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong to justify their right to “supervise” Hong Kong affairs. But anyone who has studied the instrument knows well such claims do not hold water.

首先，《联合声明》是中英间关于中国收回香港及有关过渡期安排的重要文件，其中没有任何条款赋予英方干预回归后香港事务的权利，而且涉及英方的条款均已履行完毕。

Firstly, the Joint Declaration is an important instrument between China and the UK on China’s resumption of the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and arrangements for the transitional period. There is no single clause in it that grants the UK any right to interfere in Hong Kong affairs after its return, and all clauses concerning the UK have been fulfilled.

《联合声明》共有8条正文和3个附件。第1条规定中国对香港恢复行使主权，第2条规定英国将香港交还给中国。香港回归后，这两条已同时履行完毕。第3条及附件一是关于中方对香港基本方针政策的原则阐述及具体说明，但没有任何涉及英方权利和义务的表述。第4至6条和附件二、附件三规定两国在回归过渡期的有关安排，包括双方在香港的行政管理、中英联合联络小组的设立和运作、土地契约以及批约等事项。第7、8条是关于实施和生效的条款。这些规定随着香港回归和各项后续工作的完成也都已履行完毕。

The Joint Declaration consists of eight paragraphs and three annexes. Article 1 is about China’s decision to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong. In Article 2, the UK states that it will restore Hong Kong to China. These two articles have been fulfilled upon the return of Hong Kong. In Article 3 and Annex 1, China elaborates its basic policies regarding Hong Kong, yet with not the least implication of UK’s rights and obligations. Articles 4, 5 and 6 and Annexes 2 and 3 provide for relevant arrangements during the transitional period, including the administration of Hong Kong, the establishment and operation of a Sino-British Joint Liaison Group, land leases and ratification. Articles 7 and 8 are about the implementation and entry into force of the instrument. All these provisions have been fulfilled with the return of Hong Kong and the completion of ensuing work.

第二，《联合声明》中的对香港基本方针政策及具体说明，系中方单方面政策宣示，纯属中国内政，不是双方协议内容。《联合声明》第3条明确表示，“中华人民共和国决定在对香港恢复行使主权时，根据中华人民共和国宪法第三十一条的规定，设立香港特别行政区”。这表明，在港实施“一国两制”的法律基础是中国《宪法》，并非基于《联合声明》。

Secondly, the basic policies regarding Hong Kong elaborated in the Joint Declaration were proposed by China on its own and hence are completely China’s domestic affairs, rather than an agreement between the two sides. As Article 3 of the instrument clearly states, “The People’s Republic of China has decided to establish, in accordance with the provisions of Article 31 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, a Hong Kong Special Administrative Region upon resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong.” It shows that the legal basis of implementing “One Country, Two Systems” in Hong Kong is China’s Constitution, instead of the Joint Declaration.

第三，《联合声明》更没有任何条款规定英方在香港回归后对香港承担任何责任。英方因《联合声明》产生的与香港的法律联系，最迟在中英联络小组2000年1月1日终止工作时已不复存在。英方无权再根据《联合声明》对香港提出新的权利或者责任主张。简言之，对于回归后的香港，英国一无主权、二无治权、三无“监督”权。

Thirdly, the Joint Declaration includes no clause that provides for British obligations to Hong Kong after the city’s return. All legal relations between the UK and Hong Kong created by the instrument had terminated by 1 January 2000 at the latest, when the Sino-British Joint Liaison Group ceased operation. The UK is not entitled to claim any new rights over or obligations to Hong Kong by citing the Joint Declaration. To be brief, the UK has no sovereignty, jurisdiction or right of “supervision” over Hong Kong whatsoever after the latter returned to China.

特别需要指出的是，《联合声明》只是中英间双边文件，内容不涉及其他国家。根据一般国际法，其他国家和组织更是无权假借《中英联合声明》干涉香港事务。

It needs to be emphasized that the Joint Declaration is a bilateral instrument between China and the UK and does not concern any other country. According to general international law, other countries and organizations have no right to meddle with Hong Kong affairs on the pretext of the Joint Declaration.

三、关于“一国两制”问题

Third, on “One Country, Two Systems”.

“一国两制”是中国政府单方面的政策宣示，是基于国际法上主权平等原则以及和平解决争端原则的主动创造性实践，是中国对国际法发展的重大贡献。全面准确理解“一国两制”，必须把握好两点：

The policy of “One Country, Two Systems” was put forward by the Chinese Government itself. It is a pioneering initiative based on the principles of sovereign equality and peaceful settlement of disputes in international law, and is a major contribution by China to developing international law. In order to fully and accurately grasp the policy, it is necessary to understand at least two points.

首先，要认清中国《宪法》是香港特区的“根”和“源”。实行“一国两制”的香港特区是根据中国《宪法》设立的。早在1982年，中国《宪法》就列入“国家在必要时得设立特别行政区”的规定，远远早于1984年的《中英联合声明》。《基本法》是“一国两制”的具体化和法制化。国家《宪法》和香港《基本法》共同构成香港特区的宪制基础，具有坚实的政治基础、充分的法理依据和成功的实践经验。只讲某一方面或者把二者割裂开来、对立起来，都是不完整、不准确的，也不符合香港回归以来的实际情况。

Firstly, it is China’s Constitution that lays the very foundation of the HKSAR. The HKSAR where “One Country, Two Systems” is practiced was established according to China’s Constitution. As early as in 1982, two years before the Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed, China’s Constitution provides that “The state may establish special administrative regions when necessary.” The Basic Law of the HKSAR codifies the “One Country, Two Systems” policy into law with concrete provisions. Therefore, the Constitution of the PRC and the Basic Law of Hong Kong together constitute the constitutional basis of the HKSAR, which is supported by solid political and legal grounds and successful practices. Focusing solely on either of the laws or separating and even confronting the two is incomplete and misleading, and inconsistent with the reality since Hong Kong’s return.

第二，要把握好“一国”和“两制”的关系。“一国”是“两制”的基础与前提，“两制”是在“一国”之内的“两制”。香港《基本法》第1条就指出“香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分”，第12条规定“香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国的一个享有高度自治权的地方行政区域，直辖于中央人民政府”。这说明，香港隶属于国家，是中国的香港，不是独立或半独立的政治实体;中央对香港拥有全面管治权，香港依《基本法》享有高度自治。如果“一国”原则受到冲击，“两制”就无从谈起。作为中国的一个地方行政区，香港肩负维护国家统一与领土完整、维护国家主权安全的宪制责任。任何危害国家主权安全、挑战中央权力和基本法权威、利用香港对内地进行渗透破坏的活动，都是决不能允许的。

Secondly, it is imperative to correctly understand the relationship between “One Country” and “Two Systems”. “One Country” is the foundation of and prerequisite for “Two Systems”, and “Two Systems” can only operate within the framework of “One Country”. Article 1 of the Basic Law makes it clear that “The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is an inalienable part of the People’s Republic of China”, and Article 12 provides that “The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be a local administrative region of the People’s Republic of China, which shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy and come directly under the Central People’s Government.” It fully demonstrates that Hong Kong is part of China rather than an independent or semi-independent political entity, and that the Central Government has overall jurisdiction over Hong Kong, while Hong Kong enjoys a high degree of autonomy under the Basic Law. Should the “One Country” principle be undermined, “Two Systems” would not materialize. As a local administrative region of China, Hong Kong has the constitutional responsibility of upholding national unity and territorial integrity, and defending national sovereignty and security. Any attempt to endanger China’s sovereignty and security, challenge the power of the Central Government and the authority of the Basic Law, or use Hong Kong to carry out infiltration and sabotage activities against the mainland is absolutely impermissible.

在“一国”基础上，我们尊重“两制”差异、善用“两制”之利、依法在香港实行高度自治的立场也是明确的、一贯的，从来没有也不会改变。

Our position is clear and consistent. We respect the differences between the “Two Systems” and well leverage their benefits on the basis of “One Country”, and ensure a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong in accordance with law. This has not and will not change.

回顾150多年的英国殖民统治，没有一任港督是由港人民主选举产生，绝大部分时间立法机构成员更是直接由港督任命。与之形成鲜明对比，香港回归以后，港人依法当家作主、自行管理特区自治范围内事务。香港居民前所未有地享有广泛的民主权利和自由，任何不抱偏见的人都会承认，这是无可否认的事实。遗憾的是，仍有一些人昧着良心地主张某些香港从未存在过的所谓“权利”，反过来栽赃中国中央政府“侵蚀”这些“权利”，这些谬论于法律无据、于事实不符，再次暴露了他们的偏见、傲慢和虚伪。

Looking back at the more than 150 years when Hong Kong was under British colonial rule, one will find that no single Governor was democratically elected by the local people, and legislature members were directly appointed by the Governor most of the time. The people of Hong Kong today, by contrast, are their own masters and govern affairs within the limits of the SAR’s autonomy in accordance with law. It is an undeniable fact that Hong Kong citizens are enjoying unprecedented democratic rights and freedoms. Unfortunately, some people continue to claim “rights” that never existed in Hong Kong, and even accuse China’s Central Government of “eroding” these “rights”. Such argument is legally groundless and inconsistent with the reality, and has again exposed their prejudice, arrogance and hypocrisy.

各位朋友，

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Friends,

法治是社会正义、安全与秩序的根基，国际法治是捍卫各国主权、维护世界和平、促进共同发展的重要制度保障。

The rule of law is the cornerstone for justice, security and order of any society, and international law provides vital institutional guarantee for national sovereignty, world peace and common development.

当前香港事态的本质绝非所谓的人权、自由与民主问题，而是一些极端暴力分子裹挟不明真相者以反修例为幌子不断升级暴力犯罪活动，严重践踏法治和社会秩序、严重威胁香港市民安全、严重破坏香港繁荣稳定;是香港反对派和极端暴力分子企图以暴力等非法手段颠覆特区合法政府、挑战中央政府权威、动摇香港“一国两制”的宪制根基;是外国干预势力践踏国际法和国际关系基本准则，粗暴干涉香港事务和中国内政、破坏香港繁荣稳定、损害中国主权与安全，企图把香港作为一枚棋子，牵制和遏制中华民族伟大复兴。

The essential problem in Hong Kong now is not about human rights, freedoms or democracy as some claim. It is, instead, about the attempt by certain violent extremists to coerce those who do not know the truth and ramp up violent crime on the pretext of opposing the amendments of the two ordinances related to fugitive transfer, seriously trampling upon law and order, threatening the security of the citizens, and damaging Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability. It is about the intention of the opposition and violent extremists to overthrow the legitimate SAR Government, challenge the Central Government’s authority, and undermine the constitutional basis of “One Country, Two Systems” in Hong Kong through illegal means such as violence. It is about gross foreign interference in Hong Kong affairs and China’s domestic affairs as a whole, violating international law and basic norms governing international relations with the aim of damaging Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability and China’s national sovereignty and security, and turning Hong Kong into a pawn to hold back China’s national rejuvenation.

当前香港面临回归22年来最危险、最严峻的局面，当务之急和压倒一切的任务，就是止暴制乱、恢复秩序。中央政府坚定支持林郑月娥行政长官领导的特区政府依法施政，坚定支持香港警队和司法机构果断执法、严正司法，坚决支持绝大多数香港同胞反暴力、护法治、撑警队的正义之举。

As Hong Kong is facing the most dangerous and gravest situation since its return 22 years ago, the top priority is to stop violence, end the chaos and restore order. The Central Government firmly supports the SAR Government led by Chief Executive Carrie Lam in governing according to law, firmly supports the Hong Kong police and judiciary in decisively enforcing the law and fairly administering justice, and firmly supports the majority of Hong Kong compatriots in their just cause of opposing violence, upholding the rule of law, and supporting the police.

香港是中国的香港，香港事务纯属中国内政。任何践踏香港法治、破坏香港繁荣稳定、冲击“一国两制”的暴力行径，必将遭到法律的严惩。任何外国政府、组织或个人干预香港事务的行径，必将遭到包括香港同胞在内的全体中国人民的坚决回击。任何阻挠中华民族复兴的企图，注定将遭到可耻的失败。

Hong Kong is part of China, and its affairs are completely China’s domestic affairs. Any violent act to undermine the rule of law, damage the city’s prosperity and stability, and challenge “One Country, Two Systems” will meet with severe legal punishment. Any interference in Hong Kong affairs by foreign governments, organizations or individuals will be resolutely fought back by all Chinese people, including our Hong Kong compatriots. And any plot to hinder China’s national rejuvenation is doomed to fail.

我们相信，有“一国两制”的独特制度优势，有伟大祖国和内地同胞作为坚强后盾，有香港各界的和衷共济，有热爱和平、反对暴力、坚守法治的国际社会正义之士的理解和支持，香港一定能够克服眼前的困难，拂去一时的阴霾，“东方明珠”必将闪耀更加璀璨的光芒!

We are fully convinced that with the unique strength of the “One Country, Two Systems” framework, with the strong backing of the motherland and the people of the mainland, with the joint efforts of our Hong Kong compatriots, and with the understanding and support of the international forces for justice, including all our friends here, who love peace, oppose violence and cherish the rule of law, Hong Kong will surely overcome the temporary difficulties, and the “Pearl of the Orient” will shine even brighter.

最后，预祝本次论坛取得圆满成功!谢谢大家!

In closing, I wish this colloquium a great success. Thank you.